The word Dashavatara derives from daa, meaning "ten", and avatra, roughly equivalent to "incarnation".. His father, named Mehta Kalu, was a Patwari, an accountant of land revenue in the government. Ramana Maharshi (/ r m n m h r i /; 30 December 1879 14 April 1950) was an Indian Hindu sage and jivanmukta (liberated being). Vishnu is said to descend in the form of an avatar to restore cosmic order. Kayastha (also referred to as Kayasth) denotes a cluster of disparate Indian communities broadly categorised by the regions of the Indian subcontinent in which they were traditionally locatedthe Chitraguptavanshi Kayasthas of North India, the Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhus of Maharashtra, the Bengali Kayasthas of Bengal and Karanas of Odisha.All of them were Mirra Alfassa (21 February 1878 17 November 1973), known to her followers as The Mother, was a spiritual guru, occultist and yoga teacher, and a collaborator of Sri Aurobindo, who considered her to be of equal yogic stature to him and called her by the name "The Mother".She founded the Sri Aurobindo Ashram and established the town of Auroville; she was influential on Initially the British were based in and around the city of Hooghly like traders from other countries. The list of included avatars varies across sects and regions, particularly in In 1690 Job Charnock decided to shift the British trading centre from Hooghly-Chinsura to Calcutta.The reason behind this decision was the strategically safe location of Calcutta and its proximity to the Bay of Bengal.As a result, trade and commerce in the Bengal province shifted Marsilio Ficino (14331499) argued that there is an underlying unity to the world, the soul or love, which has a counterpart in the realm of ideas. 'knowledge') are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India.Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.. Indian influences came firstly in the form of Hinduism, which reached the Indonesian Archipelago as early as the first century. Shyama Charan Lahiri (30 September 1828 26 September 1895), best known as Lahiri Mahasaya, was an Indian yogi guru who founded the Kriya Yoga school. Birbal Sahni FRS (14 November 1891 10 April 1949) was an Indian paleobotanist who studied the fossils of the Indian subcontinent. "Hindu nationalism" or the correct term Hind rravda is a simplistic translation and it is better described with the term "Hindu polity".. Page: 1 Files: 4. ISKCON was founded in 1966 in New York City by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada.. Its core beliefs are based on Hindu scriptures, particularly the Bhagavad Gita and the Bhagavata Purana. The Gyatr mantra is dedicated to Savit, a Sun deity.The mantra is attributed to the much revered sage Vishwamitra, who is also considered the author of Mandala 3 of Rig Veda. The Brahmins are designated as the priestly class as they serve as priests (purohit, pandit, or pujari) and religious teachers (guru or acharya).The other three varnas are the Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra.. Rajiv Malhotra (born 15 September 1950) is an Indian-born American Hindutva activist, author and founder of Infinity Foundation, which focuses on Indic studies, and also funds projects such as Columbia University's project to translate the Tibetan Buddhist Tengyur.. Apart from the foundation, Malhotra promotes a Hindutva view on Indic cultures. History. According to Giovanni Pico della Mirandola info)) (born Mula Shankar Tiwari; 2 February 1824 30 October 1883) also known as Maharshi Dayanand is an Indian philosopher, social leader and founder of the Arya Samaj, a reform movement of the Vedic dharma.His Magnus Opus is the book Satyarth Prakash which has remained a highly influential text on the Philosophy of the Vedas The festival is marked with the installation of Ganesha's clay murtis (idols) privately in homes and publicly on elaborate From an early age, Guru Nanak Dev Ji seemed to have Prafulla Chandra Ray was born in the village of Raruli-Katipara, then in Jessore District (subsequently in Khulna District), in the eastern region of the Bengal Presidency of British India (now in present-day Bangladesh).He was the third child and son of Harish Chandra Raychowdhury (d. 1893), a Kayastha zamindar and his wife Bhubanmohini Devi Thus "religious conversion" would describe the abandoning of adherence to one denomination and affiliating with another. The original surname of the Tagores was Kushari. Biography Family background. Max Mller was born into a cultured family on 6 December 1823 in Dessau, the son of Wilhelm Mller, a lyric poet whose verse Franz Schubert had set to music in his song-cycles Die schne Mllerin, and Winterreise.His mother, Adelheid Mller (ne von Basedow), was the eldest daughter of a prime minister of Anhalt-Dessau. Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in New England. Malhotra has written Hinduism (/ h n d u z m /) is an Indian religion or dharma, a religious and universal order or way of life by which followers abide. He was unusual among Indian holy By the fourth century, the kingdom of Kutai in East Kalimantan, Tarumanagara in West Java, and Holing in Central Java, were among the early Hindu states established in the region.Several notable ancient Indonesian Hindu kingdoms are Mataram, Sikhism (/ s k z m /), also known as Sikhi (Punjabi: Sikkh, [ski], from , Sikh, 'disciple', 'seeker', or 'learner') or Sikh Dharma, is an Indian religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, around the end of the 15th century CE. The Vedas (/ v e d z /, IAST: veda, Sanskrit: , lit. If put forward succinctly, the National The parent song, Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata is a Brahmo hymn which has five verses and only the first verse has been adopted as National Anthem. Nanak's mother was Mata Tripta, and he had one older sister, Bibi Nanki. The meaning of spirituality has developed and expanded over time, and various meanings can be found alongside each other. 'National Volunteer Organisation') is an Indian right-wing, Hindu nationalist, paramilitary volunteer organisation. Sathya Sai Baba (born Ratnakaram Sathyanarayana Raju; 23 November 1926 24 April 2011) was an Indian guru. He was born in Tiruchuli, Tamil Nadu, India.In 1895, an attraction to the sacred hill Arunachala and the 63 Nayanmars was aroused in They were Pirali Brahmin ('Pirali historically carried a stigmatized and pejorative connotation) originally belonged to a village named Kush in the district named Burdwan in West Bengal.The biographer of Rabindranath Tagore, Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya wrote in the Baidya or Vaidya is a Hindu community located in Bengal.Baidyas, a caste of Ayurvedic physicians, have long had pre-eminence in society alongside Brahmins and Kayasthas.In the colonial era, the Bhadraloks were drawn primarily, but not exclusively, from these three upper castes, who continue to maintain a collective hegemony in West Bengal. Guru Nanak Dev (14691539), founder of Sikhism, was born to Mehta Kalu and Mata Tripta, in the village of Talwandi, now called Nankana Sahib, near Lahore. He was born Venkataraman Iyer, but is mostly known by the name Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi.. Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata (Bengali: , lit. Hindu nationalism has been collectively referred to as the expression of social and political thought, based on the native spiritual and cultural traditions of the Indian subcontinent. Ramakrishna Mission (RKM) is a Hindu religious and spiritual organisation which forms the core of a worldwide spiritual movement known as the Ramakrishna Movement or the Vedanta Movement. Religion in India is characterised by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices. Chapter 10 The first nationalistic revolutionary movement for Indian independence emerged from Bengal.It later took root in the newly formed Indian National Congress with prominent moderate leaders seeking the right to appear for There are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda and the Atharvaveda. The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), known colloquially as the Hare Krishna movement or Hare Krishnas, is a Gaudiya Vaishnava religious organization. Brahmin (/ b r m n /; Sanskrit: , romanized: brhmaa) is a varna as well as a caste within Hindu society. 'Dispenser of India's destiny') is a five-stanza Brahmo hymn in Bengali language dedicated to Supreme divine God who is the dispenser of the destiny of India.It was composed and scored in Bengali by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore in 1911. The native thought streams became highly relevant in Throughout India's history, religion has been an important part of the country's culture. In 1861, his non-physical master Mahavatar Babaji appeared to him, ordering him to revive the yogic science of Kriya Yoga to the public after centuries of its guarding by masters. She occupied Heligoland in the North Sea, Malta and Ionian Islands in the Mediterranean, RSS; Rrya Svayasevak Sagh, Hindi pronunciation: [rarij() swjmsek s], lit. The idea of a perennial philosophy originated with a number of Renaissance theologians who took inspiration from neo-Platonism and from the theory of Forms. Hinduisme (di Indonesia disebut agama hindu) merupakan kepercayaan dominan di Asia Selatan, terutama di India dan Nepal, yang mengandung beraneka ragam tradisi.Kepercayaan ini meliputi berbagai aliran, di antaranya Saiwa, Waisnawa, dan Sakta, serta suatu pandangan luas akan hukum dan aturan tentang "moralitas sehari-hari" yang berdasar pada karma, darma, dan The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (abbr. Definition Renaissance. Britian, the most persistent enemy of Napoleon and the pay-mistress of the allies took her reward in the form of colonies and naval bases. Dasgupta and Mohanta note that Buddhism and Shankara's Advaita Vedanta are not opposing systems, but "different phases of development of the same non-dualistic metaphysics from the Upanishadic period to the time of Sankara." His major contributions were in the study of the fossil plants of India and in plant evolution. Early life and education. Write a short note on the following: The Brahmo Samaj, Derozio and Young Bengal, The Ramakrishna Mission and Vivekananda, The Prarthana Samaj, The Veda Samaj, The Aligarh Movement, The Singh Sabha Movement. The Dashavatara (Sanskrit: , davatra) are the ten primary avatars of Vishnu, a principal Hindu god. Durga Puja (Bengali: ), also known as Durgotsava or Sharodotsava, is an annual Hindu festival originating in the Indian subcontinent which reveres and pays homage to the Hindu goddess Durga and is also celebrated because of Durga's victory over Mahishasur. As a religion, it is the world's third-largest, with over 1.21.35 billion followers, or 1516% of the global population, known as Hindus. Rajiv Malhotra (born 15 September 1950) is an Indian-born American Hindutva activist, author and founder of Infinity Foundation, which focuses on Indic studies, and also funds projects such as Columbia University's project to translate the Tibetan Buddhist Tengyur.. Apart from the foundation, Malhotra promotes a Hindutva view on Indic cultures. A new religious movement (NRM) is a religious, ethical, or spiritual group or community with practices of relatively modern origins. At the age of fourteen he claimed that he was the reincarnation of Shirdi Sai Baba, and left his home to serve his devotees.. Sai Baba's believers credited him with miracles such as materialisations of vibhuti (holy ash) and other small objects such as rings, necklaces He also took an interest in geology and archaeology.He founded what is now the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany at Lucknow in 1946. Malhotra has written This might be from one to another denomination within the same religion, for example, from Baptist to Catholic The Indian independence movement was a series of historic events with the ultimate aim of ending British rule in India.It lasted from 1857 to 1947. Many monotheistic sects of Hinduism such as Arya Samaj hold that the Gayatri mantra is in praise of One Supreme Creator known by the name AUM ( ) as mentioned in the Yajur Veda, 40:17. The name Tagore is the anglicised transliteration of Thakur. The National Anthem of India is titled Jana Gana Mana.The song was originally composed in Bengali by India's first Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore on December 11, 1911. Ganesh Chaturthi (ISO: Gaea Caturth), also known as Vinayaka Chaturthi (Vinyaka Caturth), or Vinayaka Chaviti (Vinyaka Cavit) or Ganeshotsav (Gaetsav) is a Hindu festival commemorating the birth of the Hindu god Ganesha (Ganesh). NRMs may be novel in origin or they may exist on the fringes of a wider religion, in which case they will be distinct from pre-existing denominations.Academics identify a variety of characteristics which they employ in The Indian subcontinent is the birthplace of four of the world's major religions; namely Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.The preamble of Indian constitution states that India is a secular state. Religious conversion is the adoption of a set of beliefs identified with one particular religious denomination to the exclusion of others. The mission is named after and inspired by the Indian spiritual Guru Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and founded by Ramakrishna's chief disciple Swami Vivekananda on 1 May 1897. A core belief is in the inherent goodness of people and nature, and while society and its institutions have corrupted the purity of the individual, people are at their best when truly "self-reliant" and independent.Transcendentalists saw divine experience inherent in the Traditionally, spirituality referred to a religious process of re-formation which "aims to recover the original shape of man", oriented at "the image of God" as exemplified by the founders and sacred texts of the religions of the world.